Showing posts with label African Music. Show all posts
Showing posts with label African Music. Show all posts

Monday, May 20, 2013

Cesaria Evora's "Angola"

The Cape Verdean barefoot diva, Cesaria Evora, sings a song by a presumably Angolan composer. As a Cape Verdean, there is likely some kinship with Angola as fellow former Portuguese colonies in Africa, and the Cape Verdean Creole language is itself a mixture of African languages and Portuguese, perhaps another contribution to feelings of kinship between the two Lusophone nations. Interestingly, the Portuguese influence in "Angola," the name for the country deriving from ngola, a title for the rulers of one Bantu-speaking group in modern-day Angola, is self-evident from the "Moorish" or North African influence in the piano vamp and guitar lines. Cape Verde and Angola, as former Portuguese colonies, likely incorporated aspects of Portuguese and Iberian music generally through centuries of colonialism and cultural contact in Africa that is predated by centuries of contact between North African Arabs, Berbers and others with local Iberian populations in Europe. Thus, the cultural heritage of "Angola" and that of Cape Verde extends back to Moorish-ruled Iberia, the development of Iberian musical forms such as the flamenco and North African/Middle-Eastern-tinged and centuries of West and Central African polyrhythms, vocal styles, and instruments fusing with Iberian instruments and styles. Like the music of Latin America, Cape Verdean morna and other genres reflects this cultural mestizaje and the shared influences would almost make one think "Angola" is from Brazil or the Caribbean. Nevertheless, the stellar combination of African and European influences led to a beautiful child of new, intriguing music with infectious rhythms and Iberian guitar and melodies, African polyrhythms and inflections through the Creole language. Here and this is a live version. Check Angelique Kidjo's interesting live interpretation here for a lively rendition. "Angola, Angola!"

Ess vida sabe qu'nhôs ta vivê
Parodia dia e note manché
Sem maca ma cu sabura
Angola angola
Oi qu'povo sabe
Ami nhos ca ta matá-me
'M bem cu hora pa'me ba nha caminho
Ess convivência dess nhôs vivência
Paciência dum consequência
Resistência dum estravagância

Sunday, December 2, 2012

Gnawa Diffusion, Algeria and Bridging the Gap Between North Africa and the Continent

Gnawa Diffusion, led by Amazigh Kateb, son of Algerian Berber writer Kateb Yacine, represents an interesting opportunity for examining in Maghrebi North Africans perceive themselves in relation to non-Arab, non-Berber Africa. If the name of the band does not articulate the cultural métissage the band aims for, listening to them fuse Algerian Arab, Amazigh (Berber), and Gnawa musical traditions with rai, reggae and other forms of music will reveal the group's Pan-Africanist ideals. Amazigh Kateb, Algerian immigrant to France and son of one of Algeria's prominent literary figures, does not hide his pride in Algeria, Africa, and abolishing racial prejudice. Moreover, as someone who has been meaning to write a post about the fallacy of equating North Africa with some projection of the "Middle East" hanging above Africa but having nothing do to with the rest of the continent, Gnawa Diffusion provides a powerful contemporary example of North Africans embracing their African identities. Indeed, the various Berber-speaking peoples of North Africa are the origin of the word "Africa" as well as historically the first "Africans" Europeans encountered. In spite of this, the African student organization on my campus includes nobody from North Africa. And mainstream consciousness of the divide continues to perpetuate itself based on ignorance of history, culture, and apathy to Africa. This is not to suggest that I adhere to some insane idea of a monolithic Africa, but the maintenance of the myth of a divided Africa because of the Sahara remains attached to Western (and some African) academia and media. An 2004 article from BBC challenges that narrative a little bit and is worth perusal.

Gnawa Diffusion's song, "Algeria," which can be listened to here is the among the epitome of the broader definition of African unity espoused by Amazigh Kateb. Playing the gimbri and krakebs associated with Gnawa music, the music of black residents in southern oases in Algeria and Morocco, Kateb uses a genre of music associated with black minorities to express national Algerian identity. Although the Gnawa and Haratin populations of Algeria are small and mostly concentrated in the south, their influence has been profound on North African Berber and Arab music and spirituality. By centering a tribute to his Algerian homeland through Gnawa lens, the light-skinned Kabylie Berber Kateb orients Algeria to its African identity as a land of neither black nor white, Berber nor Arab. Furthermore, Kateb includes black Algerians in one music video shot in Algeria, ensuring inclusion of an often neglected group as well as titling some of his songs with references to African unity or progress, such as "L'espirit Africain" and "Africain Algerie" that other Algerian stars have yet to do, such as Cheb Khaled. In the case of Cheb Khaled, though dark-skinned, none of his musical content or videos have featured prominent pan-Africanist themes, although occasional black figures appear (as in "Chebba").

Anyway, Gnawa Diffusion seems to be one of the few Maghrebi musical groups with a pan-African consciousness. As someone always interested in mutual perceptions of Francophone Antilleans, West Africans, and North Africans in France, I have asked North African and 'black African" French people I've met about relations between the two. A black woman whose parents were from Cameroon told me relations or any idea of kinship was non-existent. She also described Algerians as white. As someone who taught mostly Algerian children in Marseilles, she has significant exposure to Africans of North African descent in France. Another person I've spoken with, of Moroccan descent and secular, expressed interest in some broader shared experiences of colonialism and was well-read to the point of discussing negritude and postcolonial theory. The light-skinned, dark-haired woman had even read Cesaire's Discourse on Colonialism and other classic texts in both the aforementioned schools of thought! 

My plan for the future is to write an extended post on the relations of North and 'sub-Saharan" Africans in France and Francophone Caribbean immigrants. Since the literature on immigration and race in France seems quite slim when it comes to mutual relations among people of color and immigrants, differences between Berber and Arab North African communities, and blackness in France, it will likely be a difficult task.

Wednesday, October 10, 2012

Africa Mokili Mobimba: The Triumph of the Congo




Awa ngai na vandi motema mobongi te oh
Okomo omonisa ngai bambanda na miso (2x)

Iya la baneri African Jazz la compagne
Nakei mobembo sima na nga banzaka 
Kokanisa te cherie nakozongela yo

Na Kinshasa na Matadi pe na Boma pe mayombe
Mayi mongala ekwatele,kivu maniema,kisangani
pena brazza,puente nuare kamerun,ghana guinee
pe na mali pe na poto amerika mokili mobimba
balingi babina miziki ya afrika...


The following post began as an email sent to two Egyptian-American friends about Congolese music, perhaps the best genre in all of the vast continent of Africa's forms of music. Here is what I sent them:

"Africa Mokili Mobimba" by African Jazz, and composed by Mwamba Dechaud, is one of the best songs I have ever heard. Recorded in Belgium by the Congolese rumba band after Congolese independence in 1960, the band also features a white jazz drummer from Europe. The song is about African Jazz's music playing across Africa and the world, which, coincidentally, it did. Their song "Independence Cha Cha" became an anthem for African independence and this song in particular was a hit. The lyrics refer to various African countries and even America as places where their music can be heard, although, in 1961, nobody in the US was really listening to Congolese music.

Part of the reason I love it is because of the inherent Pan-Africanist, pro-black ethos pouring out of this song. The way they sing Africa in the chorus makes that quite clear, as well as lyrics alluding to several regions and cities of the Congo, such as Matadi, Kinshasa, Kivu, Brazzaville in the Republic of Congo, and other African nations such as Ghana and Mali. In addition, the band copies traditional praise song by naming the bandmates in the lyrics, thereby keeping alive local traditions and music. Furthermore, the band African Jazz, like most Congolese groups from this period, were creating music partly based on Afro-Caribbean, especially Cuban, music. Thus, this music is a product of the Black Atlantic world, of the Atlantic slave trade, and European imperialism. Music of the Caribbean, of African origin, travels back to its source in Central Africa and strengthens the bridge connecting the African diaspora in the Americas with our distant ancestral shores. Africa!

Mwamba Dechaud, who was actually Dr. Nico's brother as well as composer of "Africa Mokili Mobimba." Both brothers were great guitarists.

"Africa!" can be listened to here.

Here is a contemporary version of the song by what appears to be Americans who specialize in mixing Afrobeat, Soukous, and other African and African diasporic genres of music. Their version of the song is actually quite close to the original for the first 4 minutes before shifting to a more contemporary soukous groove. They get brownie points for singing the song in Lingala, too. "Balingi babina miziki y Afrika!"

Here is a version from 1972 that is shorter and features Tabu Ley Rochereau.

Dr. Nico, who played guitar on the original recording, also recorded another great version of the song in the future. Listen to it here. Dr. Nico is great on guitar as usual, playing smooth, ethereal solos with little distortion, a feature I've come to love about Congolese music.

This song, by the way, like many Congolese gems, is based on or loosely inspired by Cuban music. "El  Que Siembra Su Maiz" apparently influenced the "Africa Mokili Mobimba." Indeed, Grand Kalle et l'African Jazz recorded the Cuban song in the same year as "Africa Mokili Mobimba"and it sounds eerily similar.

Sam Mangwana also recorded a great version of "Africa." Check it out. He also performed the song live with Tabu Ley Rochereau in 1975 for posterity to enjoy.

Wednesday, August 15, 2012

Mama Africa: The Best of Miriam Makeba


Here is a list of my favorite songs by South African legend Miriam Makeba, an illustrious anti-apartheid artist who left South Africa in the 1960s, married Stokely Carmichael (after a marriage to South African jazz legend Hugh Masakela), and remained a constant figure of opposition to the apartheid government of South Africa. What fascinating me about her is diverse styles she mastered, beginning with American-styled doo wop and jazz in the 1950s to folk and "world music" of later decades. I first heard of her through listening to Harry Belafonte, the Caribbean-American folksinger, actor, and civil rights activist, who actually recorded an album in the 1960s with Miriam Makeba. What drew me to Makeba from that record was their duet on "Malaika," a Swahili love song from Kenya, meaning "angel." Makeba's divine voice, with such range and emotion, led me to listening to some of her other songs, including the famous "Pata Pata" (Touch Touch, I believe) that became an international hit in the 1960s. Her version of "Mbube," an old song dating back to Zulu workers in the mines of South Africa in the 1930s, is better known as "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" in the United States, but quite beautiful when sang in the original language. She undoubtedly possessed one of the finest voices in South African popular music.
Check out this interview

"Pata Pata" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zq5S5sH1Ikk
Live versions of the same song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-VrfadKbco
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87S_wbCsNbQ&feature=related

"Malaika" with Harry Belafonte http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVrtrB84_AA&feature=related

"Siyavuya" is an example of Miriam singing in a vocal group influenced by American jazz and doo wop. Beautiful language, beautiful music.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jeEA0QpcFAA&feature=fvwrel

"Ema Juba" another catchy number. This township jazz stuff is really great.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qVpnpoRuEI&feature=relmfu

"Orlando" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPLIJ16mvrI&feature=related

"L'enfant et la Gazelle" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKvcRD9Ekbk&feature=related

"Lakutshn Ilanga" is where Miriam shows off her chops as a jazz vocalist
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d99wc8LGDpw&feature=related

"Nongqongqo (To Those We Love)"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3upHN5sqd8&feature=fvwrel

"Forbidden Games" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65z0mmTv19c

Cover of "Chove Chuva" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4dT7l7sWVg

Cover of "Mas Que Nada" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oztzZu5zPzs

"Kilimanjaro" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7coXOfz5zY0&feature=related

"Khawuleza" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V74f9eIi9c0&feature=related

"Mbube" is also known as "Wimoweh"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fEHguhykD8
Another version http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G85hfwX2dVk
Original version of the same song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrrQT4WkbNE&feature

Live version of something that's good
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4LAIR4tLfI

"Into Yam" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWZ1f0Cdt1A
Live from a film http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Buod66bq0cg

"Ekoneni" features Spokes Mashiyane on pennywhistle for that kwela sound
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Rl9si_juLk

"Pole Mze" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxGtYr-b1SU&feature=related

"Little Boy" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_2HJDqmjPw&feature=relmfu

"Umhome" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAeN4wpDq54&feature=relmfu

"Tula Ndivile" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KVhdYx9uOIk&feature=related

cover of "Xica da Silva" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrOXVMTYq3I&feature=related

"Click Song" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5v9-j4H6kCc&feature=related

"The Retreat Song" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfKJ_gzcSTA&feature=related

"Qhude" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skEtS6WDaO4&feature=related

"Lovely Lies" became a minor hit in the USA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6xjRtoyy74

"Uile Ngwan'a Batho"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eDKz7EvcX8

"Inkomo Zodwa" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOKsbnSwiIE&feature=related

"Holili" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1RBiw8qOB0&feature=related

"Teya Teya" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTCWIBOt4do&feature=related

"Back of the Moon" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgsw_ViRHXA&feature=related

"Angilalanga"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmHDgv1SU6E&feature=related

"Jolinkomo" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYFR6BUekYk&feature=related

"Ndidliwe Zintaba" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8jeLVfnPYc&feature=relmfu

"Saduva" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQr9bvVDprk&feature=related

'Maria Fulo" cover, originally by Os Mutantes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fh6eA1WF-EM

"Nomeva" is a Xhosa song
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8XHVItxUgQ&feature=related

"African Sunset" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2gMLCLSZ9w&feature=related

"Malayisha" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwYpuZlVtUg&feature=related

"Zulu Song" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k27LiD3YDZ4&feature=related

"Lumumba" is funky http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0GPm1azbZI&feature=related

"Lalelani Bantwana" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXsm4XZKK74

"Under African Skies" with Paul Simon, live
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dC93Q75I2NY&feature=related