"New" Immigrants and Ethnic Communities in New York, 1990

According to this, Afro-Caribbeans "do better" than Dominicans yet trail behind Asian Indian and somewhat behind Cubans when living in suburbs of New York, according to data from 1990. Although by and large the Afro-Caribbean group is far more likely to speak English only and therefore presumably have better chances of upward social mobility, they're behind Asian Indian immigrants. With the opening of immigration laws after 1965, Asians, Africans, Latin Americans, and Afro-Caribbean immigrants have been able to establish ethnic enclaves, neigborhoods, and even their own suburban communities in metropolitan New York. The Dominicans, as a group of African descent and lacking proficiency in English, are likely on the receiving ends of anti-black prejudice and anti-Latino attitudes and may find more difficulty securing upward social mobility compared to Afro-Caribbeans, who, though also of African descent, include mostly Anglophone peoples. However, the Afro-Caribbean group includes groups like Haitians, who, like Dominicans, are not English-speakers and are less likely to come to the US with a college degree or skills like other Caribbean immigrants from Trinidad, Jamaica, or Guyana. The Cuban group, like Dominicans, are Spanish-speakers, but because the majority of Cubans in the New York metro area are likely "white" or of European descent, their access to racial privilege and ability to assimilate faster into white New York and its environs gives them an advantage of darker-skinned Dominicans. As for Asian Indians, the "most successful" group in terms of poverty rates and high occupation status, their status likely reflects a greater proportion of the population coming from South Asia with specialized degrees and gaining high status jobs. However, in terms of suburbanized Afro-Caribbeans, Cubans, and Asian Indians living in neighborhoods not dominated by their own race (likely mostly white suburban areas), Asian Indians are only doing better than Cubans and Afro-Caribbean groups by around 6000 and 9000 dollars more in median household income. In order to gain a better idea of differences in income and class between the groups, one must uncover the working status of two-parent households and then do intergenerational studies of the 2nd and 3rd generations of each group.